Difference between revisions of "CBC"

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==Channel Profile==
 
==Channel Profile==
−
[[File:CBC CH6.JPG|thumb|right|250px|PREMIERE; Toronto Globe & Mail, 23 January 1965]]
+
[[File:CBCCamera.jpg|right|thumb|250px]]
−
[[File:CBC TV.JPG|thumb|right|250px|TONIGHT'S TV; Toronto Globe & Mail, 23 January 1965]]
+
The '''[[wikipedia: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CANADIAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION (CBC)]]''' is the public broadcaster of [[Canada]]. The first regional television broadcasts were transmitted from Montreal (station CBFT) on '''6 September 1952''' and then from Toronto (station CBLT) two days later, on '''8 September 1952'''. (The live broadcast of the official opening ceremony in Toronto was directed by a gentleman named Sydney Newman!) 
−
[[File:CBC Times 65.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Will this man influence young minds? -Introducing Dr Who; CBC Times, 23 January 1965]]
+
 
−
[[File:CBC 500.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Dr Who starts; 23 January 1965; Toronto Daily Star. NOTE Channel idents]]
+
In less than a decade service stretched from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast. A major milestone was achieved in 1958 with the completion of the national microwave relay network providing live CBC network feeds from coast to coast.
−
[[File:Canada CBCJan65.JPG|thumb|right|280px|Dr Who starts – NOTE the affiliate channels; 23 January 1965; Saskatoon Star-Phoenix]]
+
 
−
[[File:Canada Sat.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Generic Saturday 5.00pm regional listing, Winnipeg Free Press]]
+
'''Doctor Who''' commenced on the CBC network in '''January 1965'''.
−
[[File:CBC Juvenile.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Generic Saturday 5.00pm "JUVENILE" listing, Toronto Globe & Mail]]
 
−
[[File:Canada CBWAT.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Generic Saturday 5.00pm regional listing Winnipeg Free Press: NOTE: the 4pm timeslot]]
 
−
[[File:Canada CKX.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Generic Saturday 5.00pm regional listing, Winnipeg Free Press]]
 
−
[[File:CBCProgNotes.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Change to Wednesdays; Program Notes, CBC Times, 14 April 1965]]
 
−
[[File:CBC14-4-65.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Shift to Wednesday 14 April 1965; note 5.00pm slot for all regions, but 4.00pm for CBWAT]]
 
−
[[File:CBS Switch.JPG|thumb|right|150px|Change of date; Winnipeg Free Press, 18 April 1965]]
 
−
[[File:CBC New.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Marco Polo; Winnipeg Free Press, 18 April 1965]]
 
−
[[File:CANADA CBC.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Marco Polo, part two; 12 May 1965]]
 
−
[[File:Canada CJLH 1965.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Generic Wednesday 5.00pm regional listing, Winnipeg Free Press]]
 
−
[[File:CANADA Voords.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Winnipeg Free Press, 13 June 1965 preview]]
 
−
[[File:CFCREp1.jpg|thumb|right|350px|First episode on CFCR, Saturday, 13 Feb 1965, 4pm; Cariboo Observer]]
 
−
[[File:CFCRWed65.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Series moves to Wednesdays, 5pm, on CFCR, 14 April 1965; Cariboo Observer]]
 
−
[[File:CFCRMon65.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Series screens Monday to Wednesday at 5pm on CFCR, from 28 June 1965; Cariboo Observer]]
 
−
[[File:CFCRJuly.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Doctor Who airs Friday 2 July at 5pm, but is seemingly replaced by The King's Outlaw from 5 July 1965; Cariboo Observer]]
 
  
−
The '''[[wikipedia: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CANADIAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION (CBC)]]''' is a publicly-owned network, operating numerous affiliate stations and relay transmitters across the whole of Canada.  
+
Unlike other public broadcasters, the CBC television network of 1965 included transmitters owned and operated by the CBC (usually the larger cities) along with transmitters owned by private firms that operate under an affiliation agreement with the CBC (usually the smaller centers).  Affiliates are required to carry a minimum amount of network programming but are otherwise free to set their own programme schedules and potentially decline to carry some CBC programmes.
  
−
The station commenced broadcasts from 8 September 1952. A year later, CKSO in Sudbury became the first private station to operate in Canada, and became CBC's first affiliate. CBOT in Ottawa followed that year, joining with Montreal and Toronto via microwave to establish a three-station network.  
+
Due to its size, Canada stretches across 6 time zones; making television distribution a very complicated affair resulting in a significant amount of regional variation. The English language programming hub for the network is station CBLT in Toronto. For the western provinces a time-shifting operation is employed to videotape the Toronto feed for playback at the desired local time a few hours later. For the west this was mainly achieved by the Calgary Delay Centre with its bank of VTR machines along with the videotape centre at CBWT Winnipeg.
  
−
Due to its size, Canada stretches across five time zones; each channel broadcast its own schedule of programmes, but via the microwave link the network affiliates were often able to screen the same programme at the same time, but with allowances for the five-hour east coast to west coast time variance.
+
The Atlantic Provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador) lie to the east of Ontario and Quebec (Eastern Time Zone) and thus are ahead in time. In 1965 there was no facility for an overnight pre-release of programmes to the Atlantic Provinces for a videotape time-shifting operation.  This had to wait for the launch of the Halifax Videotape Centre on 15 September 1968. Until then, Atlantic Canada had to accept a time zone shift for most programming.
  
−
An alternative method for nationwide screenings was that for some shows the CBC made film copies to be distributed to each affiliate.  
+
However, [[Atlantic Canada]] flagship station CBHT Halifax did perform a programme delay operation for the weekday 3 PM to 6 PM programming block. The Toronto 3 PM to 6 PM weekday schedule includes panel shows, daytime dramas and after-school youth programmes and this weekday afternoon block had to be time-shifted by CBHT Halifax or else it would extend past 6 PM, the normal time for the start of local supper-hour newscasts. The solution  was to make 16 mm film recordings ('''[[Kinescopes Canada|kinescopes or kines]]''') of the Toronto feed and have Halifax play it back a week later at the desired local time and relay the signal to all of [[Atlantic Canada]]. Hence, when '''Doctor Who''' moved to Wednesday afternoons in Canada it was seen in [[Atlantic Canada]] via kinescopes with a network delay of one week relative to Toronto.
  
−
Another distribution method was that as one station was broadcasting, others in the chain would tape those transmissions for later playback.  
+
The term "kinescope" for a film recording of a TV broadcast is chiefly used in North America. In Britain and many other nations the term "telerecording" is used instead.  
  
−
In 1965, '''Doctor Who''' screened via the microwave network but was recorded for later playback by some stations to be screened weeks later – see separate profile for '''CFCR-TV / Channel 7''' below.
+
Although Canada had an extensive microwave relay network for TV carriage, it did not reach everywhere. A number of smaller stations in Northern British Columbia, Northern Manitoba and Labrador had to rely on a package of kinescope films that were shipped from station to station via a bicycle system.  The fate of the kinescope recordings as well as the BBC supplied prints is of obvious interest.
−
+
{{clear}}
 
   
 
   
 
==Stories bought and broadcast==
 
==Stories bought and broadcast==
−
 
+
[[File:Daleks31-10-64.JPG|right|thumb|400px|"Blinking British Daleks" - Toronto's Globe and Mail, 31 October 1964]]
 
===[[William Hartnell stories|WILLIAM HARTNELL]]===
 
===[[William Hartnell stories|WILLIAM HARTNELL]]===
 +
[[File:CBC CH6.JPG|thumb|right|250px|PREMIERE; Toronto Globe & Mail, 23 January 1965]]
 +
[[File:CBC TV.JPG|thumb|right|250px|TONIGHT'S TV; Toronto Daily Star, 23 January 1965]]
 +
[[File:DWStartsCBC.jpg|right|thumb|250px|CBC's New Series Dr. Who starts; Peace River Block News (Dawson Creek), 20 January 1965]]
  
 
Five stories, 26 episodes:
 
Five stories, 26 episodes:
Line 57: Line 46:
  
 
CBC therefore bought GROUP A of the [[William Hartnell stories]].  
 
CBC therefore bought GROUP A of the [[William Hartnell stories]].  
 +
 +
Toronto's ''Globe and Mail'' announced the purchase in its '''29 October 1964''' issue, stating that "twenty-six episodes" of the "51-part serial" [sic] had been sold to the CBC, and "will be shown in Canada shortly". (A week earlier, on 20 October, producer Verity Lambert and the main cast had been photographed together at the BBC lounge celebrating the first overseas sales of the programme.)
 +
 +
Two days later, the '''31 October''' issue featured a photo from the second serial, announcing that '''"THE BLINKING BRITISH DALEKS GET READY TO INVADE CANADIAN TELEVISION"'''. 
 +
 +
The broadcaster paid '''£331 2'6''' (pre-decimal Sterling) for each of the 26 episodes.
  
 
The programme was supplied as 16mm black and white film prints with English soundtracks.
 
The programme was supplied as 16mm black and white film prints with English soundtracks.
  
−
====Origin of the Prints?====
+
The first episode was evaluated by technical staff on '''9 December 1964'''. The light levels for the film print were deemed too dark and "not suitable for telecasting", and a technical recommendation was given that "this show not be accepted". But clearly a subsequent evaluation was given a few weeks later, and the series was cleared for broadcast in January 1965.
  
−
The CBC would have received a fresh set of prints from the BBC.  
+
Sales paperwork shows that [[The Aztecs]] and [[The Sensorites]] had both been cleared for a sale to Canada at the same time as the above five serials, but those two were never formally purchased and did not air.
  
 +
A BBC memo dated '''7 July 1965''' also records that the other serials up to and including [[The Crusade]] had also been offered to "Canada", but that "(so far) they have not been accepted". By the time that memo was circulated, the CBC had already dropped '''Doctor Who''' from the schedules.
  
−
==Transmission==
+
(See our dedicated page which investigates the possible reasons why '''Doctor Who''' was [[CBC Dropped|dropped by the CBC in 1965]].)
  
−
The series started on the '''Canadian Broadcasting Corporation''' on Saturday, '''23 January 1965''', at 5.00pm, although there were several regional variations of the start date – see below.
 
  
−
Although the final episode of [[The Daleks]] was scheduled and appeared in billings for Saturday, 3 April, the episode did not air, and was instead held over for 18 days until '''14 April''' when the series moved to Wednesdays, in the same 5.00pm timeslot. ('''Doctor Who''' and '''The Forest Rangers''' effectively swapped places, with the former taking the latter's old Wednesday slot, and the Rangers moving into the Saturday slot once occupied by the good Doctor.)
+
====Origin of the Prints====
  
−
The week of 18 April 1965 ''Winnipeg Free Press'', in its write-up for the new serial starting on '''21 April''', does identify the story as [[Marco Polo]] rather than [[Inside the Spaceship]]. However a TV listing for channel CBLT dated 12 May does identify that evening's episode as being '''The Singing Sands'''.  
+
The CBC would have received a fresh set of telerecording (kinescope) prints from the BBC. BBC Enterprises had a sales office within one of the CBC office towers in Toronto (at 135 Maitland Street), and the films would likely have passed through that office before being dispatched to the CBC's headquarters also in Toronto.  
  
−
To coincide with the start of Vacation Time, the series shifted to weekday screenings, from Monday, '''28 June''' to Friday, '''2 July 1965'''. The last serial to air was [[The Keys of Marinus]].  
+
Canada was the third country outside the UK to screen the series. It was the first to do so in a commercial operation where commercial breaks were added to the programme. (Although [[New Zealand]] was the first commercial country to screen '''Doctor Who''', there is sufficient evidence to indicate that no commercials were played during the programme at any time in the 1960s.)
  
−
It appears that all regions ceased screening '''Doctor Who''' on '''2 July''', irrespective of how many episodes there were still to be played, such as in British Columbia, where the series suddenly ended after only '''23''' episodes, midway through [[The Keys of Marinus]].  
+
The duration of each broadcast was fixed at 30 minutes, a time slot that would include the actual programme, commercials, station ID, announcements, etc. Commercial insertion patterns for Canada in the 1960's were the same as that of the United States with usually two commercial breaks per 30 minute broadcast totalling up to about 5 minutes. Each commercial was typically one minute in length for that era.  
  
−
CBC did not screen the original series again.  
+
For Serials {{A}} to {{E}}, the run-times for this set of 26 episodes varied from 22:11 minutes to 26:34 minutes (episodes {{C}}2 and {{D}}2, respectively). It is not known whether the CBC had to cut down any of the '''Doctor Who''' episodes to shorten them to fit the 30 minute time slot with all the added inserts.  
  
 +
Since it's unlikely that the BBC would have supplied a print already edited for North American-style programming, that task would have fallen to the CBC to undertake, by either directly modifying the BBC prints or making duplicates, whether as film copies or videotape dubs, and editing that copy. If the CBC did edit the BBC print or a film copy of this print to add commercials it is possible (though on reflection highly unlikely) they shipped this out to the remote stations not connected to the microwave network instead of a kinescope recording of the Toronto broadcast.
  
−
===Affiliates / Regional Variations===
+
(NOTE: The same commercials would have been played nationwide, since the sponsors' messages were inserted into the broadcast print that was then transmitted into the live microwave feed. Only the pre- and post- station idents would have differed, as they'd have been played in locally.)
  
−
CBC affiliates that aired '''Doctor Who''' in 1965 include (but not limited to) the following stations, some of which also had their own sub- or repeater stations:
+
Taking all that into account, the most likely scenario -- and the most simplest – is that the CBC made any edits to the original films as supplied to them by the BBC, spliced into that same print all the commercials and 'blank' leaders for idents, and broadcast from that. The kines that were created from those broadcasts had the commercials 'printed in' as this was the standard pattern to prepare material for the remote stations.
  
−
{| {{small-table}}
+
[[File:CBC Press Release.jpg|left|thumb|800px|CBC press release dated 22 December 1964. The text from this appeared in various newspapers, such as the Peace River Block News above]]
−
!Station!!City!!Channel
+
 
 +
<table>
 +
<tr>
 +
  <td>[[File:DaleksPreview.jpg|thumb|right|750px|Daleks Preview; Ottawa Citizen, 27 Feb 1965]]</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
</table>
 +
{{clear}}
 +
 
 +
=='''TV STATIONS'''==
 +
 
 +
===Overview===
 +
 
 +
The series premiered on the CBC microwave network on Saturday, '''23 January 1965'''. For most stations, air times were 5:00 PM but this varied considerably due to time zone shifts. The series continued on its Saturday slot for a total of 10 episodes. For stations employing a microwave (live) feed the Saturday episodes continued to '''3 April 1965''' at which point the series moved to Wednesdays from '''14 April 1965'''.
 +
[[File:CBS Switch.JPG|thumb|right|150px|Change of date; Winnipeg Free Press, 18 April 1965]]
 +
 
 +
In moving to Wednesdays, '''Doctor Who''' swapped time slots with the popular '''[[wikipedia:The Forest Rangers|Forest Rangers]]''' programme. To coincide with the start of school vacation time, the series shifted to weekday screenings. For stations with a '''microwave (live) feed''' the final five episodes ran from Monday, '''28 June''' to Friday, '''2 July 1965'''.
 +
 
 +
For stations that utilize '''kinescopes''' (see the [[Kinescopes Canada|Kinescopes network]]) the start and end time for the series depended on the planned network delay for the kinescopes to arrive at the station via the bicycle system. With its one week delay for the last 16 episodes the series wrapped up on '''9 July 1965''' in Atlantic Canada. For station CBWBT Flin Flon in Manitoba the series ran through to '''16 July 1965'''. It is unclear when the series may have ended for station CFLA in Goose Bay, Labrador as the local newspaper ceased to carry television listings after 1 March 1965. If the series did continue in Goose Bay it would have likely ended in '''mid-August 1965'''!
 +
 
 +
Following the first run of the series it appears that stations in Saskatchewan aired repeats of '''Doctor Who''', possibly using kinescopes returned to Winnipeg from CBWBT Flin Flon. Station CFQC Saskatoon aired '''nine repeat''' episodes on weekdays starting '''5 July''' and ending '''16 July 1965'''.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===List of CBC Stations===
 +
 
 +
Of the following CBC stations, 47 of them aired '''Doctor Who''' in 1965.
 +
 
 +
Station call signs and ownership are current to 1965. Only stations with studio facilities are included. Unmanned signal repeater stations operating on a different channel used to extend the coverage of a studio station are not included. The list below summarizes the number of episodes aired by a station '''but does not include repeat episodes in the count''' (CFQC Saskatoon aired all 26 episodes then aired 9 repeat episodes).
 +
[[File:CanadianProvinces.jpg|thumb|right]]
 +
[[File:CANADA Voords.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Vicious Voords! Winnipeg Free Press, 13 June 1965]]
 +
[[File:VoordOttoJournal19-6-65.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Flesh Eating Voord!  Ottawa Journal, 19 June 1965]]
 +
{| {{small-table}} {{sortable}}
 +
!'''Station'''!!'''Ch'''!!'''City'''!!'''Prov'''!!'''# of eps'''!!'''Signal Source'''!!'''Ownership'''
 +
|-
 +
|'''CBUT'''||2||Vancouver||BC||26||Live||CBC
 +
|-
 +
|'''CHEK'''||6||Victoria||BC||10||Live||Private
 +
|-
 +
|'''CHBC'''||2||Kelowna||BC||26||Live||Private
 +
|-
 +
|'''CFCR'''||4||Kamloops||BC||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKPR-TV||Port Arthur / Fort Williams||2
+
|'''CKPG'''||2||Prince George||BC||24||Live/Kine||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKCK-TV||Regina||2
+
|'''CJDC'''||5||Dawson Creek||BC||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKSA||Lloydminster||2
+
|'''CFTK'''||3||Terrace||BC||10||Kine||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CHCT||Calgary||2
+
|'''CBXT'''||5||Edmonton||AB||26||Live||CBC
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CHBC||Kelowna||2
+
|'''CKSA'''||2||Lloydminster||AB||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKPG||Prince George||2
+
|'''CHCA'''||6||Red Deer||AB||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBUT||Vancouver||2
+
|'''CHCT'''||2||Calgary||AB||15||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CHJIC||Sault Sainte Marie||2
+
|'''CJLH'''||7||Lethbridge||AB||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKCW||Moncton||2
+
|'''CHAT'''||6||Medicine Hat||AB||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBHT||Halifax||3
+
|'''CKCK'''||2||Regina||SK||21||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKVR||Barrie||3
+
|'''CFQC'''||8||Saskatoon||SK||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CFTK||Terrace||3
+
|'''CKOS'''||3||Yorkton||SK||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBOT||Ottawa||3
+
|'''CJFB'''||5||Swift Current||SK||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKOS||Yorkton||3,6,7,8
+
|'''CKBI'''||5||Prince Albert||SK||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|'''CFCR'''||'''Kamloops'''||'''4 (* see below)'''
+
|'''CBWT'''||6||Winnipeg||MB||26||Live||CBC
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CHSJ||St John/Fredericton||4
+
|'''CKX'''||5||Brandon||MB||25||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CJCB||Sydney||4
+
|'''CBWBT'''||10||Flin Flon||MB||26||Kine||CBC
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKX-TV||Brandon||5
+
|'''CHGH'''||4||Churchill||MB||0||Kine||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CJFB||Swift Current||5
+
|'''CBWAT'''||8||Kenora||ON||26||Live||CBC
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKBI||Prince Albert||5
+
|'''CKPR'''||2||Thunder Bay||ON||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBXT||Edmonton||5
+
|'''CKSO'''||5||Sudbury||ON||25||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CJDC||Dawson Creek||5
+
|'''CFCH'''||10||North Bay||ON||25||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKSO||Sudbury||5
+
|'''CFCL'''||6||Timmins||ON||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CHRO||Ottawa-Pembrooke||5
+
|'''CJIC'''||2||Sault St. Marie||ON||10||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKMI||Quebec City||5
+
|'''CBLT'''||6||Toronto||ON||26||Live||CBC
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBYT||Corner Brook||5
+
|'''CKVR'''||3||Barrie||ON||21||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBLT||Toronto||6
+
|'''CKNX'''||8||Wingham||ON||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBWT||Winnipeg||6
+
|'''CFPL'''||10||London||ON||10||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBMT||Montreal||6
+
|'''CKLW'''||9||Windsor||ON||0||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CHAT||Medicine Hat||6
+
|'''CHEX'''||12||Peterborough||ON||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKRD||Red Deer||6
+
|'''CKWS'''||11||Kingston||ON||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CFCL||Timmins||6
+
|'''CBOT'''||4||Ottawa||ON||26||Live||CBC
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CJLH-TV||Lethbridge||7
+
|'''CHOV'''||5||Pembroke||ON||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBWBT-1||The Pas||7
+
|'''CBMT'''||6||Montreal||QC||26||Live||CBC
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBXAT-1||Peace River||7
+
|'''CKMI'''||5||Quebec City||QC||26||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBWAT||Kenora||8
+
|'''CFKL'''||11||Schefferville||QC||0||Kine||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKNX||Wingham||8
+
|'''CBHT'''||3||Halifax||NS||26||Live/Kine||CBC
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CFQC||Saskatoon||8
+
|'''CJCB'''||4||Sydney||NS||26||Live/Kine||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBNT||St Johns||8
+
|'''CFXU'''||9||Antigonish||NS||  26?||Live/Kine||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKLW||Windsor||9
+
|'''CKCW'''||2||Moncton||NB||26||Live/Kine||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CFCE||Antigonish||9
+
|'''CHSJ'''||4||Saint John||NB||26||Live/Kine||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBWBT||Flin Flon||10
+
|'''CFCY'''||13||Charlottetown||PE||26||Live/Kine||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CBXAT||Grande Prairie||10
+
|'''CFLA'''||8||Goose Bay||NL||At least 1||Kine||USAF
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CFCH||North Bay||10
+
|'''CJCL'''||13||Labrador City||NL||0||Kine||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CFPL||London||10
+
|'''CFSN'''||8||Stephenville||NL||26||Live||USAF
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CKWS||Kingston||11
+
|'''CBNT'''||8||St. John's||NL||26||Live||CBC
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CHEX||Peterborough||12
+
|'''CJCN'''||4||Grand Falls||NL||0||Live||Private
 
|-
 
|-
−
|CFCY||Charlottetown||13
+
|'''CBYT'''||5||Corner Brook||NL||26||Live||CBC
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
* In later years some of these CBC affiliates (such as CFQC and CKCK) changed their affiliation to rival network '''CTV'''.  
+
*CFXU Antigonish was a semi-satellite of CJCB Sydney but under different ownership. As a semi-satellite deriving the majority of its programming from CJCB it most likely broadcast all 26 episodes of '''Doctor Who''' purchased by the CBC. CFXU was acquired by CJCB in 1966. A question mark has been placed next to the number of episodes aired by CFXU pending direct confirmation.
 +
*The CFXU transmit tower collapsed on '''2 January 1965''' following an ice storm but a temporary tower was erected in its place on '''18 January 1965''' in time for the '''Doctor Who''' premiere, albeit with appreciably reduced signal coverage.
 +
*It is not known at this time how many episodes were broadcast by station CFLA Goose Bay as Canadian newspaper TV listings simply do not exist (local paper stopped publishing listings after 1 March 1965). Possibly, TV listings were published by the USAF in the base newspaper (GAB) but copies of this publication have not yet been located.
 +
* In his book, '''Script Doctor''', '''Doctor Who''' script-editor Andrew Cartmel recalls having watched [[The Daleks]] on CJAY-TV channel 7 in Winnipeg when he was young; he might actually be misremembering, as the only CBC affiliate in Winnipeg in 1965 was '''CBWT Channel 6'''; CJAY was actually part of the CTV network...
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Statistics===
 +
The list above includes '''52 stations''' in all. Of this list, '''47 stations''' aired '''Doctor Who''' episodes.
 +
 
 +
Five stations could not/would not show any episodes. Privately owned station CKLW Windsor elected not to show the series. CJCN Grand Falls could not show the series as it was a combined CBC/CTV transmitter and '''Doctor Who''' was scheduled for times allotted to the CTV network (meaning the author of this piece never basked in the warm glow of a '''Doctor Who''' broadcast in his youth). The other three sites were new stations that were part of the kinescope bicycle network that came active near the end of the '''Doctor Who''' run in Canada and thus received no episodes (CHGH Churchill, CJCL Labrador City and CFKL Schefferville).
 +
 
 +
Of the set of 47 stations that carried '''Doctor Who''' episodes, we can compile the following statistics:
 +
[[File:CBC14-4-65.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Shift to Wednesday 14 April 1965; note 5.00pm slot for all regions, but 4.00pm for CBWAT, which was in Ontario, and therefore one hour ahead of Manitoba]]
 +
 
 +
{| {{small-table}}
 +
|-
 +
|'''Number of Stations that aired all 26 episodes'''||'''35'''
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|'''Number of Stations that aired some of the episodes'''||'''47'''
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|'''Station Ownership'''
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
*'''CBC'''
 +
||11
 +
|-
 +
|
  
−
*'''Doctor Who''' screened in the same 5.00pm slot nationally, although '''CBWAT''' in Kenora always aired it an hour "earlier" at 4.00pm. The series would have been broadcast centrally from Toronto and Montreal, but aired one hour 'earlier' in Halifax to the east, and three hours 'later' in Vancouver in the west.
+
*'''Private Firms'''
−
* On '''CBWBT''' and '''CBWBT-2''', the series aired at 5.30pm.
+
||34
−
**'''CBWBT / CBWBT-1''', which served the Manitoba cities of Flin Flon and The Pas, aired [[The Daleks]] part seven on Saturday, '''10 April''', at 4.30pm, a few days earlier than the rest of the country. We've yet to determine whether this was a one-off or whether CBWBT continued airing the series on Saturdays instead of Wednesdays.
+
|-
 +
|
 +
*'''United States Air Force''' (CBC-managed)
 +
||2
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
'''Signal Feed'''
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
*Live
 +
||37
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
*Live / Kine
 +
||7
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
*Kine
 +
||3
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
* In his book, '''Script Doctor''', '''Doctor Who''' script-editor Andrew Cartmel recalls having watched [[The Daleks]] on CJAY-TV channel 7 in Winnipeg when he was young; he might actually be misremembering, as the only CBC affiliate in Winnipeg in 1965 was '''CBWT Channel 6'''; CJAY was actually part of the CTV network...  
+
All CBC-owned stations carried the full set of 26 episodes. Many privately owned stations did as well, however some privately owned stations dropped certain episodes. There were various reasons why this happened:
  
 +
*When the schedule switched from Saturdays to Wednesdays some privately owned stations could not accommodate it in their schedule and thus dropped the series.
 +
*As the series continued after 24 June (start of school vacation period) some stations elected not to show the last five episodes and switched to their planned summer schedule.
 +
*In other cases some stations elected not to show the episode scheduled on Canada Day (July 1).
 +
*In the special case of CKPG Prince George it aired the first three episodes via kinescope then became connected to the live microwave network on 1 March 1965. As its kinescope service was operating with a two week network delay the switchover to live feeds meant that the station missed two episodes in synching up to the main network: episode four of [[An Unearthly Child]] and the opening instalment of [[The Daleks]].
  
−
'''CFCR-TV''' / '''Channel 7'''
 
  
−
The Williams Lake satellite station in Kamloops relayed its transmissions to Channel 7 in Quesnel from a low power television rebroadcasting station located at Mount Timothy, British Columbia.
+
=='''TRANSMISSIONS and AIRDATES'''==
 +
[[File:19650625DW.jpg|thumb|right|450px|Final 5 episodes in Ontario on weekdays: 28 June to 2 July, 1965; Peterborough Examiner, 25 June 1965]]
 +
'''Doctor Who''' debuted in Canada on Saturday, '''23 January 1965'''. The 26 episode run ended on Friday, '''2 July 1965'''.  
  
−
:Of note, the airdates for '''Doctor Who''' on '''CFCR / Channel 7''' differ significantly from the broadcasts noted above, which demonstrates that although the series may have '''started''' on different dates across Canada, it '''finished''' on the '''same''' date, '''2 July''', mid-way through the final serial.
+
'''''But it's not as simple as that.'''''  
  
−
: The TV listings in the ''Cariboo Observer'' record '''Doctor Who''' as commencing in Kamloops / Quesnel on Saturday, '''13 February 1965''' at 4.00pm, which was four weeks after the launch of the series elsewhere. One remote possibility is that the series started on 23 January as it did elsewhere, but for that to be the case, the TV listings (which have several different programmes in the 4.00pm timeslot) were wrong for a whole month!
+
As Canada covers '''six''' time zones and the CBC consisted of a mixed public/private network using two delivery methods (live/microwave or delayed broadcast via Kinescope), the amount of '''regional variation''' is '''vast'''. As such, it is necessary to break down our transmission and air dates coverage into '''four''' sections / pages:
  
−
:CFCR-TV was part of the “live” microwave network; it was certainly capable of broadcasting live hockey games in 1965. It had the option to follow the same broadcast schedule as '''CBUT-TV''' in Vancouver if it wished. Did CBUT-TV, Vancouver decide to record '''Doctor Who''' and delay the premiere date?  (Vancouver certainly had VTR technology as well as telerecording / kinescopes.) And as a result, the CFCR broadcasts were similarly delayed? Until such time that newspapers that cover that Vancouver station can be accessed, that question will have to remain unanswered. 
+
*[[Western Canada|WESTERN & CENTRAL CANADA]]
 +
*[[Atlantic Canada|ATLANTIC CANADA]]
 +
*[[Kinescopes Canada|KINESCOPE STATIONS]]
 +
*[[Saskatchewan Repeats|SASKATCHEWAN Repeats]]
  
−
: Alternately, '''CFCR-TV''' may have decided not to adhere to Vancouver's scheduled and instead screen '''Doctor Who''' when a better time suited. Did they use telerecording kinescopes supplied to them from Vancouver? Or did these perhaps come from elsewhere?
+
Please note that individual provinces may straddle two time zones, and in 1965, Daylight Savings Time, which started from 25 April, was not observed by all provinces or regions (e.g. Saskatchewan).
  
−
: As with the other stations, the series switched to Wednesdays at 5.00pm from '''14 April 1965''', which for this station was mid-way through [[The Daleks]]. From [[Marco Polo]] episode seven, it moved to weekdays, starting Monday, '''28 June 1965''', still at 5.00pm. (There was no episode on Thursday, 1 July on account of Canada Day programming.)
+
<table>
 +
<tr>
 +
  <td>[[File:MarcoStJohn170465.jpg|thumb|right|350px|"Press Kit" article with synopsis for Marco Polo that appeared with listings for Inside the Spaceship part one! 14 April 1965]]</td>
 +
  <td>[[File:CBCmarco0465.jpg|thumb|right|450px|Same "Press Kit" article from Ottawa Journal, 17 April 1965]]</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
</table>
 +
[[File:CBCMarcoPress.jpg|left|thumb|400px|CBC press release dated 5 April 1965. Text from this appeared in various newspapers, such as the two examples above]]
  
−
: The third episode of [[The Keys of Marinus]] aired on Friday, '''2 July 1965'''. The following week, the 5.00pm timeslot was occupied by '''The King's Outlaw''', leaving viewers no doubt somewhat puzzled as to whatever became of Ian and Barbara, who were last seen arriving in the snowy mountains of Marinus... (The alternative is that the first three billings for '''The King's Outlaw''' are incorrect, and '''Doctor Who''' did go to air on 5 to 7 July after all…)
+
====Fate of the Prints?====
  
−
: That '''Doctor Who''' stopped screening on '''2 July''' nationwide, irrespective of how many episodes had not yet aired in the outer regions, suggests that supply and circulation of telerecordings (if that was indeed the method used for those areas) was halted at source, and the remote stations were unaware of the fact that they were receiving incomplete serials; the very fact that the ''Cariboo Observer's'' weekly TV listings only record the episodes that did go to air proves that episodes can't have been pulled at the last minute, otherwise the listings – published several days in advance – would still list the "extra" billings for '''Doctor Who''' in the first full week of July.
+
The broadcast prints and the remote station kinescopes likely all ended up back at BBC Toronto by the end of July / early August 1965 for disposal.
 +
 +
There are several possibilities as to what subsequently happened to them, and these are dependent on whether or not there were any edits made to the films:
  
 +
: '''a)''' All or some of the prints were destroyed (the low grade kines with printed in commercials were most likely destroyed as they'd have been unsuitable for bicycling to other countries)
 +
: '''b)''' The BBC prints that weren't destroyed were either sent back to BBC London for disposal, or they were sent to other countries (via BBC London / BBC New York or another intermediary, such as [[TIE Ltd]]?) to be used as audition prints, or (depending on whether they were cut) for broadcast.
  
−
'''Summary'''
+
If the CBC's prints ''had'' been edited for timing reasons to insert commercials, etc, the BBC may have been reticent to send modified prints of their brand new series to those foreign stations that did not need 'shorter' episodes. But it's possible that the pre-cut prints ''were'' supplied to those stations that would have benefited from the 'shorter' prints.
  
−
To account for the discrepancy in the CFCR-TV listings, there are three possibilities:
+
If this was the case, and given that many of the commercial broadcasters in the [[:category:Caribbean|Caribbean]] primarily showed US programming and were used to and expected to receive prints suitable for North American-style carriage with programmed commercial breaks, then [[Trinidad]], which was the first Caribbean country to screen '''Doctor Who''' (in October 1965) may have been the first recipient of the CBC prints. (And these were subsequently bicycled to [[Bermuda]], then [[Jamaica]] then to [[Barbados]].)
  
−
1) '''Doctor Who''' started late and ended mid-way through [[The Keys of Marinus]], exactly as the listings indicate, meaning that three episodes were skipped
+
An alternative is that the prints instead went directly to [[Bermuda]], where the same short run of only 26 episodes commenced in December 1965.
−
2) '''Doctor Who''' started three weeks earlier than the listings indicate, with the first three listings for '''Doctor Who''' not being printed for some reason
 
−
3) The three listings for '''The King's Outlaw''' on 5, 6, 7 July are errors, and '''Doctor Who''' aired those three days instead
 
  
 +
But if the Caribbean countries bicycled the same set of prints locally (i.e. per the [[TIE Ltd]] distribution network), the ex-Canadian broadcast prints may have ended up in [[Ghana]], where the same short run of only 26 episodes commenced in early 1966.
 +
<!-- 
 +
==="The Best of Dr Who"===
 +
[[File:CBCJunerpts.jpg|thumb|right|450px|"the best of Doctor Who" repeats planned for June 1965; Winnipeg Free Press, 18 April 19865]]
 +
[[File:CBC New.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Same "Press Kit" article, Winnipeg Free Press, 18 April 1965]]
  
−
====Fate of the Prints?====
+
As early as '''April 1965''', the CBC was planning to play a run of repeats of '''"the best of Doctor Who"'''. This was announced in several newspapers, including the 18 April 1965 edition of the ''Winnipeg Free Press'', which claimed the repeats were due to play three days a week, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. But in the later 8-14 May edition of the [[CBC Times]], it stated that the repeats would run only five days, from 28 June to 2 July 1965.
 +
 
 +
(At the time of the announcement, only the first two serials had aired, so how and when they were planning to decide which of the 26 episodes were "the best" is not known.)
  
−
The Canadian prints may have been sent to the nearby island of [[Bermuda]], which was one of just three countries to have screened only those five Hartnell serials.  
+
What's interesting to note is that '''Doctor Who''' '''did''' indeed air from Monday, 28 June, five days a week rather than three, and it was not repeats, but first time episodes of [[The Keys of Marinus]]. This does suggest that while they originally '''''intended''''' to suspend the regular weekly episodes in order to air repeats from that week, the CBC opted instead to continue with and play out the final five first-run episodes to get '''Doctor Who''' off the air, since they had by then already decided not to purchase any further episodes.  
  
 +
(Had the CBC taken up the option on [[The Aztecs]] and [[The Sensorites]], and accepted the subsequent serials -- which as noted above had been offered to them in early 1965 -- one imagines that after the summer "best of" repeat season, '''Doctor Who''' would likely have recommenced its once-a-week screening schedule, running through the rest of 1965, and possibly into 1966... But due to reasons that are not clear, the CBC made the decision to drop '''Doctor Who''' from the schedules (see [[CBC Dropped| Why was Doctor Who not Renewed by the CBC?]]).
  
 +
A short repeat run of nine episodes '''did''' play in [[Saskatchewan Repeats|Saskatechawan]] only. We might conclude that these nine episodes were actually ones that had already been cleared and scheduled for "the best of" run across the entire network. But with the repeat run being dropped in favour of playing out the remaining "new" episodes, it would have been wasteful for the CBC not to screen at least ''somewhere'' the repeats that had already been paid for… -->
 
==TV listings==
 
==TV listings==
−
{{Airdates-left|Canada (CBC)}}
+
[[File:Canada Sat.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Generic Saturday 5.00pm regional listing, Winnipeg Free Press]]
 +
[[File:Canada CBWAT.JPG|thumb|right|350px|Generic Saturday 4.00pm regional listing Winnipeg Free Press]]
 +
[[File:Canada CKX.JPG|thumb|right|350px|Generic Saturday 5.00pm regional listing, Winnipeg Free Press]]
 +
[[File:Canada CJLH 1965.JPG|thumb|right|350px|Generic Wednesday 5.00pm regional listing, Winnipeg Free Press]]
 +
[[File:CBC Juvenile.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Generic Saturday 5.00pm "JUVENILE" listing, Toronto Globe & Mail]]
 +
The papers called it '''"Doctor Who"''' or '''"Dr Who"'''. The ''Globe'' labelled it as '''"(Juvenile)"''' in the listings.
 +
 
 +
TV listings have been obtained from over '''30''' newspapers/magazines spanning all of Canada:
 +
 
 +
Our main sources were the ''[[CBC Times]]'' (which has its own [[CBC Times|dedicated page here]]) and ''TV Guide'' (Lake Ontario Edition), which was sold in Ontario and the US cities of [[Buffalo]] and [[Rochester]] in New York state. (The CBC transmissions could therefore be received by those US cities close to the Canadian border.)  
  
−
TV listings have been obtained from the newspapers ''Globe and Mail'', ''Toronto Daily Star'', ''Winnipeg Free Press'' and ''CBC Times''. The CFCR listings are from the ''Cariboo Observer''. (With grateful thanks to Randy Howell for supplying these.)
+
Each Province, region or main city had its own local newspapers, which had detailed TV listings for that region, and on occasion also articles about the series. (Samples of these listings and articles can be found on each of the Transmission pages):
  
−
The papers called it '''"Doctor Who"''' or '''"Dr Who"'''. The ''Globe'' labelled it as '''"(Juvenile)"''' in the listings.
 
  
−
The ''CBC Times'' issue dated '''15 January 1965''' would have been one of (if not '''the''') first Canadian publications to mention '''Doctor Who'''.
+
'''British Columbia''':
 +
*''Peace River Block News'' (Dawson Creek)
 +
*''Kamloops Daily Sentinel''
 +
*''Kitimat Northern Sentinel''
 +
*''Prince Rupert Daily News''
 +
*''Prince George Citizen''
 +
*''Quesnel Cariboo Observer''
 +
*''Vancouver Sun''
 +
*''Vernon News''
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''Ontario''':
 +
*''Ottawa Citizen''
 +
*''Ottawa Journal''
 +
*''Sudbury Star''
 +
*''Peterborough Examiner''
 +
*''Toronto Daily Star''
 +
*''Toronto Globe & Mail''
 +
*''Toronto Telegram''
 +
*''London Free Press''
 +
*''Windsor Star''
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''Alberta''':
 +
*''Calgary Herald''
 +
*''Edmonton Journal''
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''Quebec''':
 +
*''Montreal Gazette''
 +
*''Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph''
 +
 
  
 +
'''Manitoba''':
 +
*''Flin Flon Daily Reminder''
 +
*''Churchill Taiga Times''
 +
*''Winnipeg Free Press''
 +
*''Winnipeg Tribune''
 +
*''The Thompson Citizen''
 +
*''The Nickel Belt News''
  
−
The 23-29 January issue of the ''CBC Times'' contained a one-page warning to viewers about a new series called '''Doctor Who'''. Issued by the CBC Head Office, this mock memo urged viewers to watch out for the Doctor, who may influence young minds. The article was illustrated with photo of William Hartnell and an image taken from [[The Sensorites]] — a story that was never aired by the CBC!
 
  
 +
'''Atlantic Canada''':
 +
*''Halifax Chronicle-Herald''
 +
*''Corner Brook Western Star''
 +
*''St. John's Evening Telegram''
 +
*''Labrador News''
  
−
:'''THE FULL TEXT FROM THIS ARTICLE READS:'''
 
  
−
The CBC television network may fall
+
'''Saskatchewan''':  
−
Under control of a scientific genius,
+
*''Regina Leader-Post''
−
Saturdays at 5:00 p.m. Beginning
+
*''Saskatoon Star-Phoenix''
−
January 23rd. Young viewers won’t mind --
+
−
They’ll be fascinated!
 
  
−
CBC Head Office, Ottawa.
+
'''Yukon Territory''':
 +
*''Whitehorse Star''
  
−
IN PURSUANCE of its responsibilities to maintain a regular schedule and the proper exercise of control over its programming, the Corporation wishes to advise the public of a potentially alarming development concerning possible interruption of the television schedule this week by forces beyond the Corporation’s control. This warning is directed in particular to parents of young children who are most likely to be affected by this development.
 
  
−
Recently the Corporation received a communiqué from a certain Dr. Who announcing his intention of using the micro-wave network each Saturday at 5:00 p.m. from January 23rd onwards in order to communicate directly with the children of Canada. It was at first thought that Dr. Who, who claims to be a time-traveller, was merely an eccentric, but security checks by the RCMP revealed that Dr. Who is indeed a bona-fide voyager through the space-time continuum and quite capable of utilizing facilities for his own ends. He has already brought off just such a coup in Great Britain, using the national television service of the BBC. The most brilliant electronics experts of that august body were unable to prevent the doctor [sic] from manipulating the air-waves to extend his dominion over young minds. The result is that today thousands of the children are literally spellbound by this mysterious person.
+
{{CBC nav}}
  
−
What is particularly insidious about his power is the benign appearance of Dr. Who. One would think him a charming old gentleman in his 70s, a trifle odd perhaps and quaintly dressed, but quite incapable of transporting himself and his young companions backwards and forwards in time at will. In fact he is several millennia old and the master-designer of the Tardis, a fantastic vehicle outwardly resembling those blue-painted police telephone kiosks that are a feature of the British metropolitan landscape. Within are the control panels that enable the doctor [sic] to perform his incredible feats. These often prove incredible to the doctor [sic] himself, who has been known to misplace a decimal point or two and end up in the wrong century.
 
  
−
Unless a major break-through in electronic is achieved by CBC engineers in the immediate future, the Corporation regrets it may be powerless to check the usurpation of the network by Dr. Who.
+
==Missing Listings -- How You Can Help==
  
−
'''''Will this man influence young minds?'''''
+
There are TV listings for some regions we have not been able to track down.
  
−
The caption under the top left photo reads: “Among the strange creatures viewers will be exposed to are the Sensorites”.
+
'''TV Listings for CFLA Goose Bay'''
  
 +
It is not known at this time how many episodes were broadcast by station CFLA Goose Bay as Canadian newspaper TV listings simply do not exist (local paper stopped publishing listings after 1 March 1965).
  
−
This TV listing magazine also gave brief synopses for the listings, some of which describe an episode other than the one which should be screening – for instance, on '''27 February''', the episode description seems to be for part one rather than part two of [[The Daleks]]; '''6 March''' is part two rather than part three; for '''21 April''' and '''28 April''', the synopses given for each instalment of [[Inside the Spaceship]] belongs to the other episode! All other synopses accurately describe the correct episode of that week.
+
Station CFLA Goose Bay was operated by the United States Air Force (USAF). Possibly, TV listings were published by the USAF base newspaper (GAB) but copies of this publication have not yet been located. If you can locate the USAF Goose Bay GAB newspaper and obtain TV listings for the period from January 1965 to August 1965 it will be greatly appreciated.
  
−
The ''Globe'' had a '''"HIGHLIGHTS ON 6"''' box-out for the new series. This paper carried listings for '''CBLT Toronto (CH 6)''' and '''CKVR Barrie (Ch 3)''', although from '''28 June''', when the series shifted to its new weekday slot, it was no longer listed under '''CKVR'''.  
+
There is also a remote chance that TV listings for CFLA Goose Bay were carried by the Newfoundland entertainment weekly, ''The Newfoundland Herald'' (microfilm copies available at the Memorial University QEII Library in St. John’s). However, as newspapers reaching Labrador could be a week late there are doubts that a weekly such as the ''Newfoundland Herald'' would have carried CFLA listings.  
  
−
When the series shifted to Wednesdays (with the delayed final part of [[The Daleks]]), the ''CBC Times'' for the week of 10-16 April 1965 noted the change of day with a small caption and a photo of William Hartnell from [[An Unearthly Child]]. The short synopsis for the episode even mentioned the Daleks. 
+
'''July/August 1965 TV Listings for Smaller Cities in Saskatchewan'''
  
−
The ''Free Press'' for the week of 18 April 1965 previewed the new story starting on the Wednesday ('''"Dr Who In New Series"'''), but identified it as being [[Marco Polo]], rather than [[Inside the Spaceship]] (It's possible the writer thought they were both of one long 9-part serial?)
+
It appears that '''Doctor Who''' episodes were repeated by station CFQC Saskatoon based on newspaper listings in Saskatoon and Regina.  It is possible that stations in smaller centers may have aired repeats as well and corroborating information from other newspaper sources is required. Newspaper TV listings for smaller centers such as Prince Albert, Swift Current and Yorkton is requested.
  
−
The paper also stated that "there will be repeats of the best of Doctor Who ... on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays"; however it would appear that these planned repeats never eventuated.
 
  
−
And the ''Free Press'' gave the final serial a large write up, under the heading '''"The Vicious Voords Menace To Dr Who"'''; the article confirmed the dates on which the six-part serial – named as [[The Keys of Marinus]] - would air. The article identified the first part being "sub-titled" '''"The Sea of Death"'''.
+
'''Research and Text © by Randy Howell and Jon Preddle''', and with thanks to Hugh Pearson
  
  
Line 284: Line 443:
 
==Links==
 
==Links==
 
*[[Canada]]
 
*[[Canada]]
−
*[[Main Page]]
+
**[[CBC Times|CBC Times]]
−
*[[Broadcasts around the World]]
+
**[[Western Canada|Western & Central Canada]]
−
*[[Articles & Analysis]]
+
**[[Atlantic Canada|Atlantic Canada]]
−
*[[BBC Records]]
+
**[[Kinescopes Canada|Kinescope stations]]
 +
**[[Saskatchewan Repeats|Saskatchewan repeats]]
 +
**[[CBC Dropped|CBC cancels Doctor Who]]
 
*[[Doctors]]
 
*[[Doctors]]
 
**[[William Hartnell stories]]
 
**[[William Hartnell stories]]
  
−
[[Category:North America]]
+
 
 +
[[Category:Canada]]
 +
__NOTITLE__

Latest revision as of 23:25, 25 April 2020

CBC (1965)

Channel Profile

CBCCamera.jpg

The CANADIAN BROADCASTING CORPORATION (CBC) is the public broadcaster of Canada. The first regional television broadcasts were transmitted from Montreal (station CBFT) on 6 September 1952 and then from Toronto (station CBLT) two days later, on 8 September 1952. (The live broadcast of the official opening ceremony in Toronto was directed by a gentleman named Sydney Newman!)

In less than a decade service stretched from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast. A major milestone was achieved in 1958 with the completion of the national microwave relay network providing live CBC network feeds from coast to coast.

Doctor Who commenced on the CBC network in January 1965.

Unlike other public broadcasters, the CBC television network of 1965 included transmitters owned and operated by the CBC (usually the larger cities) along with transmitters owned by private firms that operate under an affiliation agreement with the CBC (usually the smaller centers). Affiliates are required to carry a minimum amount of network programming but are otherwise free to set their own programme schedules and potentially decline to carry some CBC programmes.

Due to its size, Canada stretches across 6 time zones; making television distribution a very complicated affair resulting in a significant amount of regional variation. The English language programming hub for the network is station CBLT in Toronto. For the western provinces a time-shifting operation is employed to videotape the Toronto feed for playback at the desired local time a few hours later. For the west this was mainly achieved by the Calgary Delay Centre with its bank of VTR machines along with the videotape centre at CBWT Winnipeg.

The Atlantic Provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador) lie to the east of Ontario and Quebec (Eastern Time Zone) and thus are ahead in time. In 1965 there was no facility for an overnight pre-release of programmes to the Atlantic Provinces for a videotape time-shifting operation. This had to wait for the launch of the Halifax Videotape Centre on 15 September 1968. Until then, Atlantic Canada had to accept a time zone shift for most programming.

However, Atlantic Canada flagship station CBHT Halifax did perform a programme delay operation for the weekday 3 PM to 6 PM programming block. The Toronto 3 PM to 6 PM weekday schedule includes panel shows, daytime dramas and after-school youth programmes and this weekday afternoon block had to be time-shifted by CBHT Halifax or else it would extend past 6 PM, the normal time for the start of local supper-hour newscasts. The solution was to make 16 mm film recordings (kinescopes or kines) of the Toronto feed and have Halifax play it back a week later at the desired local time and relay the signal to all of Atlantic Canada. Hence, when Doctor Who moved to Wednesday afternoons in Canada it was seen in Atlantic Canada via kinescopes with a network delay of one week relative to Toronto.

The term "kinescope" for a film recording of a TV broadcast is chiefly used in North America. In Britain and many other nations the term "telerecording" is used instead.

Although Canada had an extensive microwave relay network for TV carriage, it did not reach everywhere. A number of smaller stations in Northern British Columbia, Northern Manitoba and Labrador had to rely on a package of kinescope films that were shipped from station to station via a bicycle system. The fate of the kinescope recordings as well as the BBC supplied prints is of obvious interest.


Stories bought and broadcast

"Blinking British Daleks" - Toronto's Globe and Mail, 31 October 1964

WILLIAM HARTNELL

PREMIERE; Toronto Globe & Mail, 23 January 1965
TONIGHT'S TV; Toronto Daily Star, 23 January 1965
CBC's New Series Dr. Who starts; Peace River Block News (Dawson Creek), 20 January 1965

Five stories, 26 episodes:

A An Unearthly Child 4
B The Daleks 7
C Inside the Spaceship 2
D Marco Polo 7
E The Keys of Marinus 6

CBC therefore bought GROUP A of the William Hartnell stories.

Toronto's Globe and Mail announced the purchase in its 29 October 1964 issue, stating that "twenty-six episodes" of the "51-part serial" [sic] had been sold to the CBC, and "will be shown in Canada shortly". (A week earlier, on 20 October, producer Verity Lambert and the main cast had been photographed together at the BBC lounge celebrating the first overseas sales of the programme.)

Two days later, the 31 October issue featured a photo from the second serial, announcing that "THE BLINKING BRITISH DALEKS GET READY TO INVADE CANADIAN TELEVISION".

The broadcaster paid £331 2'6 (pre-decimal Sterling) for each of the 26 episodes.

The programme was supplied as 16mm black and white film prints with English soundtracks.

The first episode was evaluated by technical staff on 9 December 1964. The light levels for the film print were deemed too dark and "not suitable for telecasting", and a technical recommendation was given that "this show not be accepted". But clearly a subsequent evaluation was given a few weeks later, and the series was cleared for broadcast in January 1965.

Sales paperwork shows that The Aztecs and The Sensorites had both been cleared for a sale to Canada at the same time as the above five serials, but those two were never formally purchased and did not air.

A BBC memo dated 7 July 1965 also records that the other serials up to and including The Crusade had also been offered to "Canada", but that "(so far) they have not been accepted". By the time that memo was circulated, the CBC had already dropped Doctor Who from the schedules.

(See our dedicated page which investigates the possible reasons why Doctor Who was dropped by the CBC in 1965.)


Origin of the Prints

The CBC would have received a fresh set of telerecording (kinescope) prints from the BBC. BBC Enterprises had a sales office within one of the CBC office towers in Toronto (at 135 Maitland Street), and the films would likely have passed through that office before being dispatched to the CBC's headquarters also in Toronto.

Canada was the third country outside the UK to screen the series. It was the first to do so in a commercial operation where commercial breaks were added to the programme. (Although New Zealand was the first commercial country to screen Doctor Who, there is sufficient evidence to indicate that no commercials were played during the programme at any time in the 1960s.)

The duration of each broadcast was fixed at 30 minutes, a time slot that would include the actual programme, commercials, station ID, announcements, etc. Commercial insertion patterns for Canada in the 1960's were the same as that of the United States with usually two commercial breaks per 30 minute broadcast totalling up to about 5 minutes. Each commercial was typically one minute in length for that era.

For Serials A to E, the run-times for this set of 26 episodes varied from 22:11 minutes to 26:34 minutes (episodes C2 and D2, respectively). It is not known whether the CBC had to cut down any of the Doctor Who episodes to shorten them to fit the 30 minute time slot with all the added inserts.

Since it's unlikely that the BBC would have supplied a print already edited for North American-style programming, that task would have fallen to the CBC to undertake, by either directly modifying the BBC prints or making duplicates, whether as film copies or videotape dubs, and editing that copy. If the CBC did edit the BBC print or a film copy of this print to add commercials it is possible (though on reflection highly unlikely) they shipped this out to the remote stations not connected to the microwave network instead of a kinescope recording of the Toronto broadcast.

(NOTE: The same commercials would have been played nationwide, since the sponsors' messages were inserted into the broadcast print that was then transmitted into the live microwave feed. Only the pre- and post- station idents would have differed, as they'd have been played in locally.)

Taking all that into account, the most likely scenario -- and the most simplest – is that the CBC made any edits to the original films as supplied to them by the BBC, spliced into that same print all the commercials and 'blank' leaders for idents, and broadcast from that. The kines that were created from those broadcasts had the commercials 'printed in' as this was the standard pattern to prepare material for the remote stations.

CBC press release dated 22 December 1964. The text from this appeared in various newspapers, such as the Peace River Block News above
Daleks Preview; Ottawa Citizen, 27 Feb 1965


TV STATIONS

Overview

The series premiered on the CBC microwave network on Saturday, 23 January 1965. For most stations, air times were 5:00 PM but this varied considerably due to time zone shifts. The series continued on its Saturday slot for a total of 10 episodes. For stations employing a microwave (live) feed the Saturday episodes continued to 3 April 1965 at which point the series moved to Wednesdays from 14 April 1965.

Change of date; Winnipeg Free Press, 18 April 1965

In moving to Wednesdays, Doctor Who swapped time slots with the popular Forest Rangers programme. To coincide with the start of school vacation time, the series shifted to weekday screenings. For stations with a microwave (live) feed the final five episodes ran from Monday, 28 June to Friday, 2 July 1965.

For stations that utilize kinescopes (see the Kinescopes network) the start and end time for the series depended on the planned network delay for the kinescopes to arrive at the station via the bicycle system. With its one week delay for the last 16 episodes the series wrapped up on 9 July 1965 in Atlantic Canada. For station CBWBT Flin Flon in Manitoba the series ran through to 16 July 1965. It is unclear when the series may have ended for station CFLA in Goose Bay, Labrador as the local newspaper ceased to carry television listings after 1 March 1965. If the series did continue in Goose Bay it would have likely ended in mid-August 1965!

Following the first run of the series it appears that stations in Saskatchewan aired repeats of Doctor Who, possibly using kinescopes returned to Winnipeg from CBWBT Flin Flon. Station CFQC Saskatoon aired nine repeat episodes on weekdays starting 5 July and ending 16 July 1965.


List of CBC Stations

Of the following CBC stations, 47 of them aired Doctor Who in 1965.

Station call signs and ownership are current to 1965. Only stations with studio facilities are included. Unmanned signal repeater stations operating on a different channel used to extend the coverage of a studio station are not included. The list below summarizes the number of episodes aired by a station but does not include repeat episodes in the count (CFQC Saskatoon aired all 26 episodes then aired 9 repeat episodes).

CanadianProvinces.jpg
Vicious Voords! Winnipeg Free Press, 13 June 1965
Flesh Eating Voord! Ottawa Journal, 19 June 1965
Station Ch City Prov # of eps Signal Source Ownership
CBUT 2 Vancouver BC 26 Live CBC
CHEK 6 Victoria BC 10 Live Private
CHBC 2 Kelowna BC 26 Live Private
CFCR 4 Kamloops BC 26 Live Private
CKPG 2 Prince George BC 24 Live/Kine Private
CJDC 5 Dawson Creek BC 26 Live Private
CFTK 3 Terrace BC 10 Kine Private
CBXT 5 Edmonton AB 26 Live CBC
CKSA 2 Lloydminster AB 26 Live Private
CHCA 6 Red Deer AB 26 Live Private
CHCT 2 Calgary AB 15 Live Private
CJLH 7 Lethbridge AB 26 Live Private
CHAT 6 Medicine Hat AB 26 Live Private
CKCK 2 Regina SK 21 Live Private
CFQC 8 Saskatoon SK 26 Live Private
CKOS 3 Yorkton SK 26 Live Private
CJFB 5 Swift Current SK 26 Live Private
CKBI 5 Prince Albert SK 26 Live Private
CBWT 6 Winnipeg MB 26 Live CBC
CKX 5 Brandon MB 25 Live Private
CBWBT 10 Flin Flon MB 26 Kine CBC
CHGH 4 Churchill MB 0 Kine Private
CBWAT 8 Kenora ON 26 Live CBC
CKPR 2 Thunder Bay ON 26 Live Private
CKSO 5 Sudbury ON 25 Live Private
CFCH 10 North Bay ON 25 Live Private
CFCL 6 Timmins ON 26 Live Private
CJIC 2 Sault St. Marie ON 10 Live Private
CBLT 6 Toronto ON 26 Live CBC
CKVR 3 Barrie ON 21 Live Private
CKNX 8 Wingham ON 26 Live Private
CFPL 10 London ON 10 Live Private
CKLW 9 Windsor ON 0 Live Private
CHEX 12 Peterborough ON 26 Live Private
CKWS 11 Kingston ON 26 Live Private
CBOT 4 Ottawa ON 26 Live CBC
CHOV 5 Pembroke ON 26 Live Private
CBMT 6 Montreal QC 26 Live CBC
CKMI 5 Quebec City QC 26 Live Private
CFKL 11 Schefferville QC 0 Kine Private
CBHT 3 Halifax NS 26 Live/Kine CBC
CJCB 4 Sydney NS 26 Live/Kine Private
CFXU 9 Antigonish NS 26? Live/Kine Private
CKCW 2 Moncton NB 26 Live/Kine Private
CHSJ 4 Saint John NB 26 Live/Kine Private
CFCY 13 Charlottetown PE 26 Live/Kine Private
CFLA 8 Goose Bay NL At least 1 Kine USAF
CJCL 13 Labrador City NL 0 Kine Private
CFSN 8 Stephenville NL 26 Live USAF
CBNT 8 St. John's NL 26 Live CBC
CJCN 4 Grand Falls NL 0 Live Private
CBYT 5 Corner Brook NL 26 Live CBC
  • CFXU Antigonish was a semi-satellite of CJCB Sydney but under different ownership. As a semi-satellite deriving the majority of its programming from CJCB it most likely broadcast all 26 episodes of Doctor Who purchased by the CBC. CFXU was acquired by CJCB in 1966. A question mark has been placed next to the number of episodes aired by CFXU pending direct confirmation.
  • The CFXU transmit tower collapsed on 2 January 1965 following an ice storm but a temporary tower was erected in its place on 18 January 1965 in time for the Doctor Who premiere, albeit with appreciably reduced signal coverage.
  • It is not known at this time how many episodes were broadcast by station CFLA Goose Bay as Canadian newspaper TV listings simply do not exist (local paper stopped publishing listings after 1 March 1965). Possibly, TV listings were published by the USAF in the base newspaper (GAB) but copies of this publication have not yet been located.
  • In his book, Script Doctor, Doctor Who script-editor Andrew Cartmel recalls having watched The Daleks on CJAY-TV channel 7 in Winnipeg when he was young; he might actually be misremembering, as the only CBC affiliate in Winnipeg in 1965 was CBWT Channel 6; CJAY was actually part of the CTV network...


Statistics

The list above includes 52 stations in all. Of this list, 47 stations aired Doctor Who episodes.

Five stations could not/would not show any episodes. Privately owned station CKLW Windsor elected not to show the series. CJCN Grand Falls could not show the series as it was a combined CBC/CTV transmitter and Doctor Who was scheduled for times allotted to the CTV network (meaning the author of this piece never basked in the warm glow of a Doctor Who broadcast in his youth). The other three sites were new stations that were part of the kinescope bicycle network that came active near the end of the Doctor Who run in Canada and thus received no episodes (CHGH Churchill, CJCL Labrador City and CFKL Schefferville).

Of the set of 47 stations that carried Doctor Who episodes, we can compile the following statistics:

Shift to Wednesday 14 April 1965; note 5.00pm slot for all regions, but 4.00pm for CBWAT, which was in Ontario, and therefore one hour ahead of Manitoba
Number of Stations that aired all 26 episodes 35
Number of Stations that aired some of the episodes 47
Station Ownership
  • CBC
 11
  • Private Firms
 34
  • United States Air Force (CBC-managed)
 2

Signal Feed

  • Live
 37
  • Live / Kine
 7
  • Kine
 3

All CBC-owned stations carried the full set of 26 episodes. Many privately owned stations did as well, however some privately owned stations dropped certain episodes. There were various reasons why this happened:

  • When the schedule switched from Saturdays to Wednesdays some privately owned stations could not accommodate it in their schedule and thus dropped the series.
  • As the series continued after 24 June (start of school vacation period) some stations elected not to show the last five episodes and switched to their planned summer schedule.
  • In other cases some stations elected not to show the episode scheduled on Canada Day (July 1).
  • In the special case of CKPG Prince George it aired the first three episodes via kinescope then became connected to the live microwave network on 1 March 1965. As its kinescope service was operating with a two week network delay the switchover to live feeds meant that the station missed two episodes in synching up to the main network: episode four of An Unearthly Child and the opening instalment of The Daleks.


TRANSMISSIONS and AIRDATES

Final 5 episodes in Ontario on weekdays: 28 June to 2 July, 1965; Peterborough Examiner, 25 June 1965

Doctor Who debuted in Canada on Saturday, 23 January 1965. The 26 episode run ended on Friday, 2 July 1965.

But it's not as simple as that.

As Canada covers six time zones and the CBC consisted of a mixed public/private network using two delivery methods (live/microwave or delayed broadcast via Kinescope), the amount of regional variation is vast. As such, it is necessary to break down our transmission and air dates coverage into four sections / pages:

Please note that individual provinces may straddle two time zones, and in 1965, Daylight Savings Time, which started from 25 April, was not observed by all provinces or regions (e.g. Saskatchewan).

"Press Kit" article with synopsis for Marco Polo that appeared with listings for Inside the Spaceship part one! 14 April 1965
Same "Press Kit" article from Ottawa Journal, 17 April 1965
CBC press release dated 5 April 1965. Text from this appeared in various newspapers, such as the two examples above

Fate of the Prints?

The broadcast prints and the remote station kinescopes likely all ended up back at BBC Toronto by the end of July / early August 1965 for disposal.

There are several possibilities as to what subsequently happened to them, and these are dependent on whether or not there were any edits made to the films:

a) All or some of the prints were destroyed (the low grade kines with printed in commercials were most likely destroyed as they'd have been unsuitable for bicycling to other countries)
b) The BBC prints that weren't destroyed were either sent back to BBC London for disposal, or they were sent to other countries (via BBC London / BBC New York or another intermediary, such as TIE Ltd?) to be used as audition prints, or (depending on whether they were cut) for broadcast.

If the CBC's prints had been edited for timing reasons to insert commercials, etc, the BBC may have been reticent to send modified prints of their brand new series to those foreign stations that did not need 'shorter' episodes. But it's possible that the pre-cut prints were supplied to those stations that would have benefited from the 'shorter' prints.

If this was the case, and given that many of the commercial broadcasters in the Caribbean primarily showed US programming and were used to and expected to receive prints suitable for North American-style carriage with programmed commercial breaks, then Trinidad, which was the first Caribbean country to screen Doctor Who (in October 1965) may have been the first recipient of the CBC prints. (And these were subsequently bicycled to Bermuda, then Jamaica then to Barbados.)

An alternative is that the prints instead went directly to Bermuda, where the same short run of only 26 episodes commenced in December 1965.

But if the Caribbean countries bicycled the same set of prints locally (i.e. per the TIE Ltd distribution network), the ex-Canadian broadcast prints may have ended up in Ghana, where the same short run of only 26 episodes commenced in early 1966.

TV listings

Generic Saturday 5.00pm regional listing, Winnipeg Free Press
Generic Saturday 4.00pm regional listing Winnipeg Free Press
Generic Saturday 5.00pm regional listing, Winnipeg Free Press
Generic Wednesday 5.00pm regional listing, Winnipeg Free Press
Generic Saturday 5.00pm "JUVENILE" listing, Toronto Globe & Mail

The papers called it "Doctor Who" or "Dr Who". The Globe labelled it as "(Juvenile)" in the listings.

TV listings have been obtained from over 30 newspapers/magazines spanning all of Canada:

Our main sources were the CBC Times (which has its own dedicated page here) and TV Guide (Lake Ontario Edition), which was sold in Ontario and the US cities of Buffalo and Rochester in New York state. (The CBC transmissions could therefore be received by those US cities close to the Canadian border.)

Each Province, region or main city had its own local newspapers, which had detailed TV listings for that region, and on occasion also articles about the series. (Samples of these listings and articles can be found on each of the Transmission pages):


British Columbia:

  • Peace River Block News (Dawson Creek)
  • Kamloops Daily Sentinel
  • Kitimat Northern Sentinel
  • Prince Rupert Daily News
  • Prince George Citizen
  • Quesnel Cariboo Observer
  • Vancouver Sun
  • Vernon News


Ontario:

  • Ottawa Citizen
  • Ottawa Journal
  • Sudbury Star
  • Peterborough Examiner
  • Toronto Daily Star
  • Toronto Globe & Mail
  • Toronto Telegram
  • London Free Press
  • Windsor Star


Alberta:

  • Calgary Herald
  • Edmonton Journal


Quebec:

  • Montreal Gazette
  • Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph


Manitoba:

  • Flin Flon Daily Reminder
  • Churchill Taiga Times
  • Winnipeg Free Press
  • Winnipeg Tribune
  • The Thompson Citizen
  • The Nickel Belt News


Atlantic Canada:

  • Halifax Chronicle-Herald
  • Corner Brook Western Star
  • St. John's Evening Telegram
  • Labrador News


Saskatchewan:

  • Regina Leader-Post
  • Saskatoon Star-Phoenix


Yukon Territory:

  • Whitehorse Star



Missing Listings -- How You Can Help

There are TV listings for some regions we have not been able to track down.

TV Listings for CFLA Goose Bay

It is not known at this time how many episodes were broadcast by station CFLA Goose Bay as Canadian newspaper TV listings simply do not exist (local paper stopped publishing listings after 1 March 1965).

Station CFLA Goose Bay was operated by the United States Air Force (USAF). Possibly, TV listings were published by the USAF base newspaper (GAB) but copies of this publication have not yet been located. If you can locate the USAF Goose Bay GAB newspaper and obtain TV listings for the period from January 1965 to August 1965 it will be greatly appreciated.

There is also a remote chance that TV listings for CFLA Goose Bay were carried by the Newfoundland entertainment weekly, The Newfoundland Herald (microfilm copies available at the Memorial University QEII Library in St. John’s). However, as newspapers reaching Labrador could be a week late there are doubts that a weekly such as the Newfoundland Herald would have carried CFLA listings.

July/August 1965 TV Listings for Smaller Cities in Saskatchewan

It appears that Doctor Who episodes were repeated by station CFQC Saskatoon based on newspaper listings in Saskatoon and Regina. It is possible that stations in smaller centers may have aired repeats as well and corroborating information from other newspaper sources is required. Newspaper TV listings for smaller centers such as Prince Albert, Swift Current and Yorkton is requested.


Research and Text © by Randy Howell and Jon Preddle, and with thanks to Hugh Pearson


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